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South Canara (South Kannada) was a district of the Madras Presidency of British Raj, located at .Patsy Lozupone, Bruce M. Beehler, Sidney Dillon Ripley.(2004). Ornithological gazetteer of the Indian subcontinent, p. 82.Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International. . It comprised the towns of Kasaragod and Udupi and adjacent villages, with the administration at Mangalore city. South Canara was one of the most heterogeneous areas of Madras Presidency, with Tulu language, Malayalam, Kannada, Konkani language, Marathi language, Hindustani, and Beary bashe languages being spoken while English language, Tamil language and Hindustani remained the official languages. It was succeeded by the Tulu language-speaking areas of Dakshina Kannada district, the Malayalam-speaking area of Kasaragod district and the Amindivi islands sub-division of the Laccadives, in the year 1956.
South Canara District was bordered by Uttara Kannada to north, the princely state of Mysore to east, Coorg state to southeast, Malabar District to south, and Arabian Sea to west. South Canara was one of the two districts on the western coast (Malabar coast) of Madras Presidency along with Malabar District (otherwise known as Malayalam District).
The district had two municipalities, those of Mangalore and Udupi.
The 1908 Imperial Gazetteer of India lists South Canara, along with the Thanjavur and Ganjam district districts, as the three districts of the Madras Presidency where Brahmins, one of the four main castes in Hinduism, were most numerous.
The majority of the people were , Kulala and Bunts. There were more Brahmins (12% of the population) in South Kanara than any other district of the Madras Presidency making South Kanara, along with Tanjore and Ganjam, as one of the three districts of the province where Brahmins were most numerous.
The original indigenous people of the region are Tuluvas (Bunts, , , , Tulu gowda, , , Jogis) and in the Kasaragod Taluk (, , Thiyyar history, Malabar Muslims etc). The Brahmins who settled first belonged chiefly to the Sthanika and thus they were called as Tulu Brahmins. Others were Shivalli, Saraswat, Havyaka Brahmin, Kotaha sub-sections, Mahars, the hill-tribes ( Koraga people).
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